Cereals represent the most important group of crops in the structure of plant production from the economic, agronomic and consumer point of view. Spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.) is an ancient bread cereal related to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that has been cultivated for hundreds of years, and that is now being rediscovered in Europe and North America. Spelt is generating increasing interest due to its agronomic, nutritional and medical characteristics. Despite of these spelt bread benefits, spelt is wheat that contains gluten proteins and is capable of provoking wheat allergy and gluten enteropathy. This review describes nutritional composition (proteins, aminoacids, starch, sugars, fiber, lipids, fatty acids, sterol, vitamins, ash and mineral compounds) of spelt wheat and potential using of this cereal for baking application (flour, bread, breakfast cereals, pasta, crackers, nutrition bars, biscuits and some regional specialities).

The objective of this study was to determine the quality changes in whole, gutted and filleted three fish species, whiting (Gadus euxinus), gray mullet (Mugil cephalus) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus), at frozen storage period (–26°C). Throughout the storage period, anchovy had the lowest values in all sensorial criteria among the fish species. During the storage period, whiting kept its freshness better than gray mullet and anchovy as to chemical criteria. The lowest TVB-N value (17.23 mg/100 g) was determined in whiting whereas the highest value (22.55 mg/100 g) in anchovy. The highest TMA value (3.50 mg/100 g) was found in anchovy. The TBA values increased up to 9th month, depending on fish species. Differences between the species are found to be significant and the highest TBA value (2.55) was obtained in anchovy. Although the TBA and peroxide values in anchovy significantly increase when compared to the others during storage period, acceptable limits expired at the end of 9th month. According to treatments, filleted fish had better color quality wheras gutted fish had better smell, muscle and taste.

Tea leaves (Camelia sinensis L.) extracts are source of polyphenols, i.e. antioxidant components. Research showed possible tea extracts use in food technology, influencing contained lipids stability improvement. The aim of the research was comparison of different teas extracts activity in emulsified lipid system. The present research examined different teas: white, green, yellow, oolong and black aqueous and ethanol extracts. To evaluate the most potent addition level different tea extracts concentrations were chosen. Linoleic acid oxidative stability was measured by linoleic acid conjugated dienes production monitoring. Emulsions with additives were incubated 19 hours at 37°C in darkness. Results showed different tea extracts antioxidant activity, dependent on its concentration in examined system. Highest antioxidant activity, comparable to BHT and rosemary extract was found in lipid sample with addition of yellow tea ethanol extract.

The aim of this work was to characterize the oenological profile and antioxidant properties of selected Polish grape and fruit wines. The wines produced in Golesz Vineyard in Podkarpacie and commercially available fruit wines were the experimental material. The analysed wines, except Seyval Blanc – the white grape wine, were characterized by a relatively high amount of total extract (10.5-18.8% m/v). The ethanol concentration in wines was at the similar level, only the cider, as a low-alcohol beverage, contained 5.7% (v/v) of ethanol. The red wines had the higher antioxidant potential and total polyphenol content than analyzed white grape and fruit wines. The prevailing volatile compounds of wines were higher alcohols, mainly amyl alcohols and isobutanol. The particularly high concentrations of them were detected in liqueur wines. The relatively high concentrations of propanol were also observed in the cherry wines and cider.

The intention of HACCP system is focusing to control at points in the operation, critical to the food safety. It is mandatory, preventative, and easy for monitoring food quality control system. Preventing the problems is the major direction of the HACCP system currently considered as one of the most efficient tools provided. Present research aimed at HACCP system adaptation and verification in production of vegetable food. The correctness of introduction and implementation of HACCP was also verified in practice. Research involved the description of selected vegetable grocery product groups and their production schemes, designation of critical control points (CCP) in the processes, the danger and identification analysis sheet. Also monitoring system, prevention and correction efforts were planned. On the basis of the obtained results chapters of HACCP book for gastronomy vegetable products were created.

This study investigates to what extent long term effectiveness of weight reduction program in obese adolescents depends on the body composition before therapy and its changes during therapy. Studies were conducted on 78 obese adolescents aged 12-16 years, who participated in a 4-week weight reduction program, which consisted of low energy diet (5.47 MJ per day, 18% protein, 26% fat, 56% carbohydrate) and physical exercises. Body weight (BW) and body composition (fat mass – FM, lean body mass – LBM) were measured using bioimpedance method before and during therapy as well as six months later. After 4-week BW, FM, LBM decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Six months after termination of therapy the mean BW increased, but mainly due to LBM. Mean changes FM (0.29 kg ±3.93) were not significant however in 50% of population FM increased. Correlation between loss of LBM during therapy and FM gain after six months was statistically significant. FM after six months correlated with BW and FM before therapy and changes BW during therapy. Effectiveness of the program could be well predicted by BC before therapy and its changes during therapy. Results permitted to formulate detailed recommendations for weight reduction program for obese adolescents regarding the individual degree of obesity and BC.

The aim of this study was to evaluate cholesterol uptake by Lb. acidophilus isolates in artificial gastric and duodenal fluids. Studied Lb. acidophilus isolates showed various abilities to uptake cholesterol from MRS broth and artificial GIT fluids. From artificial duodenal fluid Lb. acidophilus isolates removed more cholesterol (from 0.6% to 2.9%) than from gastric fluid (from 3.8% to 13.5%). Even if bacteria had no possibility to grow in artificial GIT fluids, the cholesterol uptake by bacteria cells took place. Lb. acidophilus isolates survived worse in simulated gastric or duodenal fluids than in MRS broth. The initial number of bacteria ranged from 6.2 log CFU/mL to 7.1 log CFU/mL, and viability in artificial gastric fluid was 60.6-81.9% of log of the initial number of bacteria. Viability in artificial duodenal fluid was 35.1-87.3%.