Climate changes, global warming and related environmental effects have increased the importance of risk sharing on sustainability of agricultural production. In developing countries the farmers have taken less action when it compared to their counterparts in developed countries. Accordingly, the policy makers in developing countries have been encouraging the farmers to attempt agricultural insurances against to risks. There have been different levels of subsidies on agricultural insurances implemented in several EU Member States. The aim of this paper is to analyse the effect of governmental-private partnership agricultural insurance system which have been practised in Turkey since June 2006.

In the age of integration and globalization growing the meaning so-called soft factors for socio-economic development. Among them to the first plan advances the social capital. In the article indicated on lacks in basics components of the social capital in Poland, which makes difficult his building and increasing. Social capital is not generated across the individual activity on the own benefit, but in the cooperation way of different individuals for achievement commons aims. In fact of exhausting of cheap resources and easy possibilities of achieving economic growth, the socioeconomic development will not be possibile without strengthen of the tie and confidence members of society. Unfortunately research showing that the quality and „structure” of the Polish society is getting weaker and without right enhance of social capital the socioeconomic development in long time will not be possible, or considerably hinder.

Implementation of processing and technological innovations in the SME sector is an opportunity to decrease productions costs and increase products quality. The research, concerning the barriers of implementing innovations, had been carried on the sample of 61 enterprises from the warminsko-mazurskie voivodship with the usage of the questionnaire form. The respondents were the clients of the Consulting Points from the warmi&#-9280;&#-8940; sko-mazurskie voivodship. The researcher entrepreneurs pointed out different kinds of barriers of implementing innovations. Most of the respondents pointed out financial barriers, meaning too high costs of innovations. According to entrepreneurs the innovating obstacle was also too high economical risk, the lack of technical information and the law regulation. The least essential for the firms were the market barriers.

Sustainable development is the result of actions undertaken in the economic, social, environmental and cultural scope. The interior balance between the natural environment, economy and society comes down to actions aiming at developing the enumerated fields. The study constitutes a trial to assess the development level of gminas (Polish: gmina, third level of local government administration in Poland, a district) by using sustainable development indicators and establishing the ranking of gminas in the Siedlecki Poviat (Polish: powiat, second level of local government administration in Poland). In order to implement the concept of sustainable development successfully on every management level, adequate measuring tools should be drawn up and introduced. The basic element of this system is determining and adopting indicators which are a tool for monitoring, allowing for diagnosing, modelling and forecasting sustainable development. The full identification of these indicators and the level of their realisation provide essential information for a complex assessment of the condition and perspectives of the sustainable development, including the expansion of the agricultural areas.

The article presents the issue of the Customer Relationship Management (CRM), which is an idea of management based on customer relationship and it is characterized by a high level of individualization of approach towards a purchaser of goods and services, increasing his satisfaction and creating loyalty. In particular, the Authors concentrated on a technological side of CRM conception since IT becomes a platform constituting its foundation. In order to illustrate the CRM conception, the Authors presented the ex ample of instruments supporting the Customer Relationship Management offered by one of the leaders of the market – Comarch S.A.

The paper is based on an economic analysis of the Libya’s foreign trade during the period 1970–2006, with special reference to the trade process between Libya and the EU. In addition, the paper investigates the process of adjustment of Libyan imports from the EU, in the level of domestic economic activities (real Inco me), the consumer price index (CPI), and the exchange rates of the Libyan dinar. The aim is to provide estimates of the aggregate demand of Libya’s imports from the EU over the period, applying standard econometrics techniques complemented by appropriate diagnostic tests based on recent and by now widely used dynamic modeling and cointegration techniques. As well as the paper tends to estimate a long run of the independent variables elasticity stated above for Libya’s imports from the EU. The findings suggest more economic cooperation through bilateral relations, improving the investment environment in the Libyan market and supporting further economic cooperation through the Euro-Mediterranean Process and suggest the need for trade agreement with the EU.

The article presents the infl uence of the return on equity in agricultural farms. It the audits was used Du Pont modified model and regression analysis. The data of accountancy of agricultural farms FADN made up the source material. Analysis was conducted in total EU and in central-eastern European countries. The realized analyses shows, that the return on equity in agriculture is very low and strongly differentiated. The main reason of that situation, lay in our opinion in low rentability of operational level, dependent not only on production profitability, but also in great degree on effective assets engagement. Additionally the return on equity is depreciated by the lack of financial leverage using, what is mainly determined by conservative attitude to capital engagement from outward sources in agriculture production processes, also the great financial costs affect on economic results of agricultural production. The farms from East and Middle Europe, on the very medium profitability rate reached by EU farms, shows themselves more advantageously. It comes in these countries from relatively higher rate of rentability in operational level, as well still low labour costs.

The pattern of consumption of bread and cereal products in countries of average and low consumption that is in EU countries (15) and EU (12) is becoming similar. Despite a kind of the uniformity of consumption, conditions on the market of bread cause the appearance of differences in the consumption of bread among EU countries. The market of bread in Poland is saturated, the overall consumption will not increase. There are chan ges in the quality and the structure of consumed bread. In the coming years there may be a stabilization of consumption of wheat bread and the increase of consumption of rye bread at the expense of mixed bread. Diversity is a characteristic feature of the demand for bread. It is seen on different levels: regional, place of residence, income size, the biological type of households or membership in a particular socio-economic group.

in the article issues concerning the material responsibility of employees were presented. They showed that this responsibility was appearing in case of causing damage by the employee at performing resulting obligations by him from the employment. They are premises of the material responsibility of the employee: the unlawfulness of behaving, the fault, the damage and the cause-and-effect relationship between the just unlawful conduct oneself of employee and with damage incurred. This responsibility can be incurred under relevant laws and regulations, when the employer has the duty to demonstrate all premises of the responsibility or on account of entrusted possessions, when the employer has the duty of proving the fact of entrusting with possessions and the occurrence of the damage. In practice, companies more often pursue compensations on account of entrusting with possessions.

Nowadays the Internet is commonly used in public institutions activity as well by citizens and small entrepreneurs. In rural areas such changes have occurred much more slower than at urban territories. The reason only partly depends on the lack and underdevelopment of rural infrastructure, in particular broadband Internet access in rural areas. The research results reveal that the main barrier is insufficient knowledge within the entrepreneurs and consumers on needs and potential benefits connected with everyday use of computers and the Internet. In summer 2009, 214 small-sized entrepreneurs in the Mazovia region were surveyed. The sample was selected with advice of experts, workers of Agricultural Advisory Offices (ODR). There were mainly small firms located in rural areas, different in a size (a number of employees and annual turnover) and a kind of activity.

Farm equipment is one of the factors that have significant infl uence on the level of agricultural production. The paper presents statistical analysis of the level of farm equipment in districts of Malopolska voivodship. Three groups of districts were distinguished: of high, moderate and low level of farm equipment. The first group – of high level of farm equipment – consisted of proszowicki, miechowski and olkuski district.The average group was formed by 9 districts, which are as follows krakowski, nowotarski, myślenicki, oświęcimski, bocheński, brzeski, limanowski, dąbrowski and wadowicki. The last, third group contained 10 objects, namely: chrzanowski, gorlicki, nowosądecki, suski, tarnowski, tatrzański, wielicki and 3 cities: Kraków, Tarnów and Nowy Sącz. The lowest level of farm equipment was observed in chrzanowski district.

Neuromarketing is determined as examining the brain with respect to preferences of specific brands. The paper includes an overview of definitions and opinions concerning neuromarketing and it discusses the possibilities of applying neuromarketing in practice. A special attention was paid to diagnostic methods used in neuromarketing examinations, which were also analysed as a potential source of controversies that may be caused by the discussed subject. In the conclusions, the author highlighted a need to carry out neurmarketing research, being aware of its high costs and still insufficient methodological experience in this field.

Investment activity is an important factor for local development in Poland. The paper’s subject concentrates on conditions of such activity in the years 2004–2008 in Ryki commune, located in the North-West part of Lubelskie voivodeship. It stems from the analysis contained in the paper that the community has low investment expenditure per capita, as compared to the poviat, the voivodeship and the average for Poland. Among realized investments in the analyzed period, investments of sections: „Transport & Communications” and „Education & Upbringing” had the largest share. Moreover, the main source of funds was the budget supported by credits and loans. Use of EU funds in the Ryki community was not significant. The analysis allows to make the conclusion that the scope of investments was typical for small communes and for the region.

The main goal of this paper was to examine the strengths and weaknesses of the small meat enterprises as well as opportunities and threats in that part of the meat sector in the Wielkopolska Region. In order to assess the activity portfolio to undertake the decision on enterprise’s further development SWOT analysis was used. The primary data was collected from 44 small meat enterprises which amounts to 64% of all small meat enterprises in the research period ranging from 2004–2006. The group of small meat enterprises which both process up to 7,5 tons of slaughter per week and are placed in Wielkopolska were chosen for the research. A questionnaire containing both open as well as closed ended questions formed basis for the research. The survey showed that within the analyzed group strengths dominate and the local market is full of opportunities. Furthermore, the results proved that respondents had a very limited knowledge on how to run an enterprise in a strategic way. It seems to be a worrying fact and further research in that field is needed.

In the paper, an ecosystem approach to sea fisheries as well as ecolabelling were presented with accompanying them a trial of critical analysis of existing interdependencies. Ecosystem approach to sea fisheries does not contain ecolabelling, but ecolabelling is treated as an element of ecosystem approach to fisheries. Ecolabelling as such contains, however, additional elements. Common introducing fish and their products ecolabelling meets difficulties. There are controversies mainly between different users of live marine resources, government (or international) fisheries management and bearing financial responsibilities of management consequencies by private firms, among them processing and trading (disparity between competences and responsibilities). There are also different goals realized in macro- and in micro-scales as well as controversies between short-term and long- term goals.

Achieving welfare demands economic growth, which is stimulated by the activities leading to production increase. Foreign direct investment can be considered as one of the capital source and it results in setting up companies with the share of foreign capital. This article focuses on presentation of chances for economic growth resulting from specific market behaviour of FDI companies operating in Warmia and Mazury region, i.e. their investment inputs and supply-trading strategy. As the result of conducted analysis using unique data from statistical office, the particular picture emerged: this type of companies usually incured above average capital expenditures. Although these companies often supplied their factories abroad, the negative results of import were compensated to a certain degree by export, which value exceeded the value of import.