The value of land can be determined through the income brought to its owner. In classic economic theories the owner’s income was identified with rent, which was the surplus over production costs and ordinary profit received by land leaseholder. In this article the conditions when rent arises and factors influencing its value are presented based on three theories elaborated by main classic economists – Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Jean Baptiste Say, as their ideas can be useful in current times. Moreover, their views on land rent and rent value shaping mechanisms were confronted and can be used as a lue to land value appraisal.

The object of a future population number diagnosis is to make decisions securing socio-being conditions and human needs. A forecast of demographic progress assisting a geo-information system, that allows relating this information to Earth’s surface, is about forecasting intensity of changes of many attributes and socio-economic processes. Taking many attributes into account requires time and money consuming formulation of multi-state models, and therefore a process of annual updates is not carried. The most often used method for model construction is a component method (factor method), which is about forecasting fertility and mortality changes, as well as changes in migration movements. On the grounds of results of carried out literature studies We suggest to complement a model of demographic forecast in statistic formulas which take into account factors of uncertainty (random factors) by implementation of games theory in the process of estimation of future directions of changes of basic demographic processes using computer simulator for that purpose. This tool will reduce costs and decrease time needed to possess knowledge on demography of population of particular region, and will improve process of data updating and verification in following years, as well as will empower spatial information systems helping to carry on with process of rational spatial planning. The thesis uses own carried forecast of demographic development of the city of Olsztyn until 2025, and it verifies construction of the model by comparing simulated by a simulator number of population, and the 1997 GUS forecast on number of Olsztyn’s population for years 1997–2006. An article covers issues relating to construction of statistical model using random factor.

The study presents the methods used for the creation of spatial policy concerning forest production space in the study of conditions and directions of land development in the communes and in the local plan of spatial arrangement, which is a tool for the realisation of spatial policy. The examples provided show that the problems are not dealt with properly enough. The communes tend not to interfere with the management of forest areas, not only the state-owned, but private as well. It is doubtful whether the local plans for forests are prepared taking into account the management plans prepared for state-owned forests or the simplified plans for other forests.

A main tool used to mass appraisal of real estate in Poland are lineal models of regression. Regression analyses are usually labour-consuming and seldom give on the small property markets precise value of real estates. In the paper was presented for statistical methods alternative procedure of real estate valuation at the not enough accessibility to information of transaction. Proposed method uses foundations of rough set theory in conjunction with value tolerance relation. Proposed conjunction enable analysis of data presented in the quantitative form on the contrary to the classical rough set theory.