Since the adoption of laws on spatial information infrastructure from the transposition of the INSPIRE Directive, interest in conceptual modeling and UML has increased significantly. The transposition is the adaptation of INSPIRE directives to national law, which requires many changes in regulations regarding geodesy and cartography law and related laws. An integral part of the regulations developed by the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography are specifications for conceptual modeling, including among other things, UML application schemes. UML, unified modeling language, is a standard code for describing physical locations in spatial analysis and design. It is also the norm for the modeling of geographic information recommended by the ISO 19100 series of International Standards. UML makes it possible to register geographic information, independent of the software-hardware platform, in a way that ensures compatibility between different geographic information systems and allows for successful data transferring. Examples taken from the regulations on geodesy and cartography laws, as published on the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography website, were used to explain the fundamentals of spatial modeling, UML notation, and rules for creating application schemes. The authors also suggest that the sudden interest in UML could be called “UML-ology”.

A Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is an important, widely used source of information about the shape of the Earth which is integral to many scientific and economic fields. The surface of an area of land is usually represented in the form of a Triangular Irregular Network (TIN) or a regular grid of squares (GRID). Current users of DTM have been expressing a need for more accurate representations of physical land surfaces. Comparisons of the quality and accuracy of TIN and GRID models has become an important topic of interest. This paper presents an evaluation of the accuracy of Digital Terrain Models based on direct survey data. Data were gathered from GPS RTK measurements of a 1-hectare area with about 12m of elevation. One TIN and two GRID models were built using interpolation algorithms: Natural Neighbor and Spline. The assessment of the accuracy of the models was based on errors in the value of the RMS and selected statistical coefficients

For many years, there has been an ongoing debate in Poland on road and rail infrastructure. Legislation was passed aimed at accelerating and simplifying the procedures required to construct new roads. This article takes a look at the problematic legal issues involved in acquiring land for the purpose of road construction. The first part reviews the rules and procedures for expropriating property for this type of project. The second part presents an analysis of how these principles were followed for a stretch of the A1 toll road.