The world nowadays is growing mainly in the big cities, and the urbanization is considered one of the most important macroeconomic in twenty-first century. Cities, especially the biggest ones, currently play a key role in economic and social development of countries or regions. According to international regulations, the cities should be managed in such a way as to maintain their productivity, rationally manage resources and improve living conditions. On the development of the city is affected by geographical, economic factors, demographics, social aspects, but also legal factors and political, which to some extent determine the prestige and security of the area. However, an important role in improving the residents of existence is to provide living conditions by allowing the purchase of your own apartment or house. To this end, municipalities should increase the availability of resources of real estate primarily for people who for financial reasons cannot afford to buy their own homes. This paper aims to analyze the role played by management of space in regional development of the area.

The periphery of the cities are areas of intense and continuous spatial transformations as well as changes of land use. Particularly near to the boundaries of city we may observe expanding residential development and for its needs it is required to build new infrastructure networks and transportation systems in order to create connections between developed suburban settlements and the city. Research has been conducted in the outskirts of Olsztyn areas of two bordering communes Dywity and Stawiguda. Period of analyses included years between 2006 and 2010. According to adopted methodology analyses of literature and laws allowed to determine legal conditions of development of local transportation systems. The article also takes into account implementation of local procedures that enable planning and extracting the local roads. Besides it shows results of these procedures in area of research. According to analyses conducted in the chosen area for purposes of residential development and its functional system there has been created a new communication system which basis on communal roads and internal (service) roads. On the basis of land use plans there are formed new plots for housing and transportation. Development of local communication system may prevent linear residential development along main access Road to the city. As analyses shown actions of municipalities in this area are going in the right direction.

The article provides the analysis of the possibility of satisfying the needs in the access to the gas network, through urban-rural communes of the southern part of the kujawsko-pomorskie voivodeship, in the context of decision on land development conditions, in years 2009-2012. Indirectly, a state of the gas network were determined in studied area, in the context of the potential differences between towns and rural areas, in years 2003-2012. As a result of conducted analysis it was stated that optimum relation between settling-access to the gas network, is found in communes: Brześć Kujawski, Pakość and Janikowo.

This article presents results of the research conducted in country park located in Gardzienice, Lublin region. Study consisted in determining the dendrological value of the park using the Rokosza method and determining the esthetic value of park landscape using the SBE (scenic beauty estimation) method. Park was divided into four areas, for which dendrological and esthetic values were established. These values? Were compared to each other and no correlation was found between them. It has been shown, that the results of scenic beauty estimation and determining of the dendrological value of park, are not correlated to each other, so they can complement each other. So it is advisable to test the value of parks, both in terms of their dendrological and esthetic evaluation. This could form the basis for the development of a new comprehensive method of parks indexation.

The purpose of this paper is to present analysis of tourist development, evaluation of recreational management of the Rędziński Forests and indication of the activities that could increase multifunctional attractiveness of municipal forests. In the article contemporary plans for management of the Forest area and the perspectives of development were presented. The Rędziński Forest with an area of 400 ha is located in northern part of Wrocław city. In the south the Rędziński Forest borders on the Osobowicki Forest, in the west on the Oder River, in the north on the Widawa River, in the south-west on the Rędzin estate, in the east on Lesica and irrigation fields. Las Rędziński is one of urban forests, which peripheral location and connection with the city centre make it weekend destination.

In this paper, we applied the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to the problem of the atmospheric pollution source localization. Localization is performed based on the information about concentration of the released substance in the atmosphere, recorded by a network of detectors deployed in the area. PSO algorithm searches the five-dimensional space in order to find the dispersion model parameters. The parameters are: the contaminant source coordinates (X, Y), release strength (Q) and the atmospheric transport dispersion coefficients (cry, crz). In the reconstruction, we employed the fast-running Gaussian plume dispersion model. We presented a sample configuration of the PSO algorithm, which task is to indicate the most likely parameters of contamination source in the shortest time. The efficiency of the algorithm was tested on the basis of the generated synthetic data.

GIS are systems for gathering, processing and making data available to the system users and thus it allows analysing socioeconomic phenomena changing over time and in space, building scenarios and forecasts as well as taking decisions based on them. The aim of the threatened areas diagnose is to take decisions preventing consequences of terrorist attack. The projection of the risk level and identification of threatened areas supporting the geoinformation system allows correlating them with the Earth surface. It involves forecasting changes in multiple characteristics and the consequences of the attack. Consideration of numerous variables requires time consuming and costly development of multistate models. Based on the conducted review of the literature it is proposed to complement the forecast model with statistical formulas taking into account the elements of uncertainty (random factor) by including the game theory for lotteries to determine the place of terrorist attack using the computer simulator as the tool. Proprietary solution is monitoring and visualization of the degree of risk in GIS technology, which can be an integral part of a program written in Python run as a tool in ArcGIS.