The obesity is a civilization-related disease. The overweight leads to many disorders, f. e. impaired secretion and action of insulin and can lead to risk of premature death. Recently, new compounds which are responsible for food consumption and body weight have been discovered. Among other things they influence pituitary gland and pancreas changing their endocrine secretion. Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid peptide, which is supposed to exert orexigenic action. Its expression takes places mainly in stomach but also in pancreas, jejunum, duodenum, placenta, lungs, pituitary gland, kidneys, adrenal glands, gonads, lymphatic nodes, muscles, thyroid, heart, etc. Obestatin is 23 amino acid hormone which was described in 2005. Until now scientists have been arguing about its activity. Present article discuss biological role of ghrelin and obestatin and shows some controversial aspects of their physiological action.

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