The aim of this paper is to indicate of the role of land rent in the sustainable development of agriculture. The authors understand sustainability as the implementation of the triad of persecution: the economic, social and environmental. Recognizing that the environmental sustainability in Polish agriculture is relatively achieved, they seek to express the other two equilibrium. It can be concluded, that the social sustainability is to have within when there is the parity charged their own work in relation to other sectors of the national economy. Sustainable economic occurs when the surplus is generated, which allowing to make the expanded reproduction of resources and structures. One makes an attempt to find the most adequate conception of land rent creation at present day, searching for new sources of comparative advantages in the institutional factors. One argues that the institutional rent is the only durable economic rent in the European agricultural sector regarding chosen direction of CAP evolution.

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