The split-plot design experiment, in four replications, investigated 2 variables, I – fertilization – post-harvest residues and post-harvest residues with under-ploughed straw, II – ammonium nitrate – 0; 25; 50; 75 (N kg·ha^-1). The winter wheat cultivated after under-ploughed winter rape straw, as compared to that without straw, showed a lower number of overwintered plants, of grains per ear, grain weight per ear, grain yield, protein yield and crop energetic value. Nitrogen fertilization did not compensate fully for the yield decrease caused by a negative effect of under-ploughed winter rape straw on winter wheat grain yield.

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