Bones are metabolically active tissues, which undergo a lifelong process of modeling. Bone metabolism is controlled by system factors as well as by local ones, besides balanced diet plays a significant role. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) raise an interest as natural substances that can affect bone cells and modify their metabolism. They are the precursors of eicosanoids which are involved in a number of regulatory mechanisms, among others, at the level of bone tissue. With the participation of COX there appear prostaglandins, prostacyclins and monoenes thromboxanes, while under the influence of LOX leukotrienes. From arachidonic acid (AA) under the influence of COX is formed PGE , which in turn mediates in the impact on calciotropic hormones bone tissue, proresorptive cytokines and growth factors. Adequate supplementation reduces the activity of AA resulting in a diminution of PGE level, thereby weakening the intensity of atrophic changes in bone tissue. In the light of conducted research on the treatment and in particular on the prevention, PUFA diet supplementation plays a significant role in the metabolism of both animal and human bone tissue.

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