This paper analyses areas of conflict between the practice of modern agriculture and the preservation, protection and the variety management of agro-ecosystems and landscapes. The development of modern agriculture in modern times, especially accompanied by agricultural engineering, chemicalization and production specialization, has caused negative transformations in the geographical, natural and cultural environment. These transformations have often caused the irreversible degradation of landscape elements. The policy of environment protection especially concerns areas which are particularly ecologically sensitive. However, this policy should concern agriculture on a broader scale, which is a spatially dominant form of soil utilization which generates many threats to biological and landscape diversity. It is necessary to develop forms of agricultural farming which are capable of maintaining a considerable wealth of fauna and flora and limit threats or introduce new active ways of stimulating the preservation of the natural environment and the landscape in an intact state. Biodiversity reduction and landscape degradation are especially visible in rural areas, which currently cover more than 90% of the territory in Poland.

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