The economic growth, its quality and other characteristics depend not only on economical capacity of the country, but also on the clearly formulated economical development tasks and expected results. The aim of the research was to convey and compare the tasks and expected results of the process of rural areas development in Lithuania and Poland, in accordance with the rural areas development conceptions and historical context of the development of European Union, as well as Lithuanian and Polish legislation. Most of the discussions are in the form of a scientific debate. The main directions of the agriculture and rural development in Lithuania and Poland are presented as the results of the research.

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