This article analyses the relationship between the level of economic development and level of human capital in rural areas of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The typology of the commune (pol. gmina a principal unit of administrative and territorial division in Poland) with regard to the level of human capital proposed by W. Kamińska [2011] has been applied in the paper. Thirteen measures describing the economic structure of rural areas (considering the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors), labour market and level of wealth of local government units have been used in order to analyse the level of economic development. No strong statistical relationship between the analysed phenomena were observed in the study. This means that human capital as the only factor does not guarantee outstanding economic growth. It may be an element (factor) facilitating growth, but it becomes active only when there is a certain level of other assets (location, natural environment, infrastructure factors).

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