The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of winter wheat cultivar and mineral fertilization, taking into consideration the use of ash from wheat straw, on the biomass production of winter wheat. Moreover, changes in pH and the content of the assimilable forms of macro- and microelements in typical lessive soil (Luvisols) after three years of applying varied doses of ash from winter wheat straw were also evaluated. Research was carried out in years 2010-2012 at the Research Station in Mochełek (53°13’ N; 17°51’ E). Three-factor microplot experiment was carried out, in which interdependent interaction between diversified nitrogen-phosphorus fertilization NP (g·m^-2): 8 + 1.31; 8 + 2.62; 16 + 1.31; 16 + 2.62 and the impact of ash from winter wheat straw (g·m^-2): 0; 25; 50; 75; 100 on the biomass production of two cultivars of winter wheat (‘Muszelka’ and ‘Batuta’) was evaluated. Ash from winter wheat straw used in the experiment was characterized by alkaline reaction (pH in KCl 1 mol·dm^-3 = 9.8). Total content of elements in g·kg^-1 amounted to: P 5.8, K 75.0, Mg 5.3, and Ca 64.9, and in mg·kg^-1: Cu 25.6, Mn 607, Zn 64.9, and Fe 3158. The study found that grain productivity of cultivar ‘Muszelka’ was higher and straw yield lower than those of cultivar ‘Batuta’. Tested cultivars did not differ significantly, however, regarding the produced amounts of postharvest residue biomass, and therefore had a similar quality for cultivation in the conditions of straw management for non-agricultural purposes, as a potential source of soil organic matter. High nitrogen and straw ash fertilization was conducive to the biomass production of both winter wheat cultivars, excluding post-harvest residue. Ash from wheat straw used at the dose of 100 g·m^-2 after three years of application did not cause significant changes in soil richness but made it possible to keep nearly unchanged pH and the contents of available macro- and microelements.

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