This paper is an attempt to bring together and summarize the research, based on the use of the new opportunities provided by the development of optoelectronic for engineering geodesy works. Optical fiber solutions, which are described in this article, have many advantages. One of the most important is the lack of electrical power and indifferent behavior towards strong electromagnetic fields. In addition, this type of solutions are characterized by transmission the measuring signal over long distances, which allows to eliminate the observer from a dangerous work environment. Of course, these methods have some disadvantages. The waveguides are characterized by high fragility and sensitivity of alkaline. Moreover, the prices for fiber-based systems are very high, the reason for this is the high fiber production costs. It should be noted, however, there have been recently observed a significant decline in prices. Taking into account the long-term viability and stability of the sensor there is noticed the upward trend for their use. This article presents a preliminary division of use of waveguides in the geodetic works. Author describes passive and active ways of using fiber as a part of the measurement system. A significant part of the study is devoted to the description of the active optical fiber sensors. This content refers to the theoretical basis of their operation and the number of measurement points which can be simulated by appropriate selection of the solution. There were specified in comparison types of the measured parameters and precision of their determination for each of the presented sensors. The practical part presented the sensor system in the form of a “delta” rosette and selected effects of the acquisition, processing and visualization of data using dedicated software. At the conclusion, there were classified certain real objects applications and elaborated on the theoretical possibility of using these systems.

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