The recent achievements in the field of biorefineries have been reviewed, highlighting commercial solutions of the II and III generation biorefinery. At current oil prices, biofuels produced either from waste biomass or from algae are not competitive both economically and from the point of view of LCA of bioproducts. These advanced biorefining technologies can be used in the future for biofuels production, while currently microalgaes are profitable in producing other valuable bioproducts such as proteins, pharmaceuticals, dyes, etc. Further development of biorefineries requires not only interdisciplinary but also inter-sectoral cooperation and full integration of biorefineries with oil refineries.

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