The aim of the study was to determine possible relationship between polledness and selected parameters of reproduction and milk performance in goats. In all, the study comprised 466 females belonging to four breeds: Polish White Improved, Dutch White Improved, Saanen, and French Alpine. The following reproduction and milk performance indices were studied: fertility, prolificacy, weaned rate, reproduction performance, milk yield per full lactation and 300-day standardised lactation, fat and protein yield per full lactation and 300-day lactation, fat and protein content, and lactation duration. The analysis demonstrated a significant effect of polledness on the prolificacy of goats, indirectly influencing the level of milk yield, which is strictly related to litter size. The conclusion is that the best results would be achieved from mating polled males to horned males, which in consequence would lead to satisfying levels of reproduction and milk performance indices without a threat of intensified incidence of hermaphroditism.

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